Today, farmers around the world are facing a dual threat that threatens the stability of production systems: the emergence of new exotic pests and the increase in resistance to plant protection products. This phenomenon not only compromises crop yields, but also raises production costs and accelerates the need for sustainable solutions.
Resistances: a silent but relentless evolution
When the same insecticides, herbicides or fungicides are used repeatedly, pests (insects, fungi, bacteria, etc.) can develop defense mechanisms that allow them to survive after these products’ applications. This is known as resistance, and over time, resistant populations replace susceptible ones. Some of the most problematic species in this regard are the whitefly (Bemisia tabaci), western thrips (Frankliniella occidentalis) or tuta absoluta (in tomato), as well as certain fungi of the genus Botrytis or Oidium.
This phenomenon not only occurs in insects, but also in weeds resistant to herbicides such as glyphosate, which aggravates the problem of agronomic management.
New pests: invasive species on the rise
Globalization and climate change have facilitated the entry and establishment of species that were previously not present in certain regions. A recent and alarming case is that of the South African thrips (Scirtothrips aurantii), detected for the first time in Spain in 2024. In just a few months, this pest has spread through more than 300 municipalities in the Valencian Community, seriously affecting citrus and persimmon crops and even livestock.
This type of pest usually has few natural enemies in the newly colonized areas, which favors its rapid spread.
Solutions: towards integrated and sustainable management
To meet these challenges, it is imperative to adopt an Integrated Pest Management (IPM) approach, which combines several strategies to reduce reliance on chemical treatments:
- Rotation of active ingredients with different mechanisms of action.
- Use of pheromones, traps and continuous monitoring for early detection.
- Encouragement of biological control, through the introduction or conservation of natural enemies and/or by using more sustainable and natural formulations.
- Innovative technologies, such as reflective covers or artificial vision systems to detect damage.
A more intelligent and sustainable agriculture is the key to protecting the crops of the future. Only through responsible and preventive management will it be possible to stop the spread of resistance and new pests.
